A preliminary report of laparoscopic extraperitoneal colostomy anterior to posterior sheath of rectus abdominis-transversus abdominis to prevent parastomal hernia / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To examine the preliminary effect of laparoscopic extraperitoneal colostomy anterior to posterior sheath of rectus abdominis-transversus abdominis for the prevention of parastomal hernia after abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer. Methods: This study is a prospective case series study. From June 2021 to June 2022, patients with low rectal cancer underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection combined with extraperitoneal colostomy anterior to posterior sheath of rectus abdominis-transversus abdominis at the First Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled. The clinical data and postoperative CT images of patients were collected to analyze the incidence of surgical complication and parastomal hernia. Results: Totally 6 cases of patient were enrolled, including 3 males and 3 females, aging 72.5 (19.5) years (M(IQR)) (range: 55 to 79 years). The operation time was 250 (48) minutes (range: 190 to 275 minutes), the stoma operation time was 27.5 (10.7) minutes (range: 21 to 37 minutes), the bleeding volume was 30 (35) ml (range: 15 to 80 ml). All patients were cured and discharged without surgery-related complications. The follow-up time was 136 (105) days (range: 98 to 279 days). After physical examination and abdominal CT follow-up, no parastomal hernia occurred in the 6 patients up to this article. Conclusions: A method of laparoscopic extraperitoneal colostomy anterior to posterior sheath of rectus abdominis-transversus abdominis is established. Permanent stoma can be completed with this method safely. It may have a preventive effect on the occurrence of parastomal hernia, which is worthy of further study.

Plicatura de la bolsa Bogotá en cierre difícil de la pared abdominal / Bogotá Pouch Plication in Difficult Closure of the Abdominal Wall

Introducción: El cierre con pérdida masiva de tejido de la pared abdominal constituye un reto en la cirugía. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de cierre abdominal difícil donde se utilizó la técnica plicatura de la bolsa Bogotá hasta lograr aproximación de los planos cutáneo, muscular y aponeurótico. Caso clínico: Paciente recibido en emergencias con herida perforo-cortante en fosa lumbar izquierda. En la intervención se encontró hemoperitoneo por lesión esplénica, diafragmática y sección del ángulo esplénico del colon. Se le realizó esplenectomía, pleurostomía izquierda y rafia de lesión colónica. Pasadas cinco horas se reintervino por signos de choque y se encontró hematoma retroperitoneal y sección completa del polo superior del riñón izquierdo. Se le realizó nefrectomía izquierda. Al quinto día del posoperatorio mostró signos peritoneales y la exploración confirmó peritonitis fecaloidea por dehiscencia de sutura de colon. Se lavó cavidad y se le ejecutó colostomía tipo Devine. La pérdida masiva de pared abdominal obligó a emplear una plicatura de la bolsa Bogotá para aproximar ambos colgajos, se obtuvo aproximación paulatina hasta la síntesis de la pared. Conclusiones: El abdomen catastrófico es una condición grave y de difícil tratamiento. La bolsa Bogotá es una alternativa viable para esta condición y modificada con plicaturas paulatinas permite el acercamiento de los dos colgajos cutáneos y garantiza el cierre de la pared abdominal, además de ser una técnica fácil de usar y económica(AU)

Introduction: Closure with massive loss of abdominal wall tissue is a challenge in surgery. Objective: To report a case of difficult abdominal closure where the Bogotá bag technique was used until the approximation of the cutaneous, muscular and aponeurotic planes was achieved. Clinical case report: This patient was received in the emergency room with a perforating-cutting wound in the left lumbar fossa. In the intervention, hemoperitoneum was found due to splenic and diaphragmatic injury and section of the splenic flexure of the colon. Splenectomy, left pleurostomy and colonic injury raffia were performed. After five hours, the patient was operated again due to signs of shock. We found a retroperitoneal hematoma and a complete section of the upper pole of the left kidney. It was decided to perform left nephrectomy. On the fifth postoperative day, this patient showed peritoneal signs and examination confirmed fecal peritonitis due to dehiscence of the colon suture. Cavity was washed and a Devine-type colostomy was performed. The massive loss of the abdominal wall made it necessary to use a plication of the Bogotá bag to approximate both flaps, a gradual approximation was obtained until the synthesis of the wall. Conclusions: The catastrophic abdomen is a serious condition that is difficult to treat. The Bogotá bag is a viable alternative for this condition and modified with gradual plications, it allows the two skin flaps to approach each other and guarantees the closure of the abdominal wall, in addition to being an easy-to-use and economical technique(AU)

Thirty years of the health care service for ostomy patients in Juiz de Fora and surroundings / Trinta anos do serviço de atenção à saúde da pessoa ostomizada de Juiz de Fora e região

ABSTRACT Objective: to establish the epidemiological profile of ostomized patients treated at the Health Care Service for Ostomy Patients in Juiz de Fora and region (SASPO/JF) and to quantify the pathologies that led to the stoma as well as the ostomy-related complications. Method: a retrospective study was carried out with the analysis of 496 medical records of patients registered at HCSOP/JF over 30 years and who remained in at the service in June 2018. The following variables were considered: age, sex, pathology that led to the stoma, type, time, location and complications of stomas. Results: 53.43% were male patients and 46.57% female. The average age was 56.24 years among men and 58.40 years among women. Eight patients had two types of ostomies simultaneously and a total of 504 ostomies were as follows: 340 colostomies (67.46%), 117 ileostomies (23.21%) and 47 urostomies (9.33%). Additionally, 47.65% of the colostomies and 76.92% of the ileostomies were temporary, while all urostomies were permanent. In 70.24% of cases, the reason for making the stoma was malignancy. There were 277 stomas with one or more complications (54.96%). Conclusions: most of the ostomized patients were over 50 years old and the main diagnosis that led to the stoma was malignancy. Ileostomies had a higher percentage of complications than colostomies and urostomies and, for all types of stomas, the most frequent complication was dermatitis.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes estomizados atendidos no Serviço de Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa Ostomizada de Juiz de Fora e região (SASPO/JF) e quantificar tanto as patologias que levaram à confecção, quanto as complicações presentes nas estomias. Método: realizado estudo retrospectivo com análise de 496 prontuários de pacientes cadastrados no SASPO/JF ao longo de 30 anos e que permaneciam em atendimento no serviço em junho de 2018. Foram consideradas as seguintes variáveis: idade, sexo, patologia que levou à confecção do estoma, tipo, caráter temporal, localização e complicações das estomias. Resultados: 53,43% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 46,57% do sexo feminino. A média de idade entre os homens foi de 56,24 anos e entre as mulheres foi de 58,40 anos. Oito pacientes apresentaram dois tipos de estomias simultaneamente e o total de 504 estomias foi distribuído da seguinte forma: 340 colostomias (67,46%), 117 ileostomias (23,21%) e 47 urostomias (9,33%). Além disso, 47,65% das colostomias e 76,92% das ileostomias foram temporárias, enquanto todas as urostomias foram permanentes. Em 70,24% dos casos, o motivo para confecção do estoma foi a neoplasia maligna. Foram encontrados 277 estomas com uma ou mais complicações (54,96%). Conclusão: as estomias predominaram em pacientes com mais de 50 anos e o principal diagnóstico que levou à confecção dos estomas foi a neoplasia maligna. As ileostomias apresentaram maior percentual de complicações do que as colostomias e urostomias e, para todos os tipos de estomas, a complicação mais frequente foi a dermatite.

Afectación intestinal por un hongo dematiáceo / Intestinal disease by a dematiaceous fungi

Resumen Introducción: Los hongos dematiáceos se caracterizan por la presencia de abundante melanina en su pared celular. Presentan una distribución mundial, siendo más comunes en climas tropicales y subtropicales. Producen infecciones cutáneas y subcutáneas, además de enfermedades alérgicas, neumonías, abscesos cerebrales o infecciones diseminadas. Caso Clínico: Presentamos el caso de un paciente con adenocarcinoma de recto intervenido quirúrgicamente con hallazgo incidental de divertículo de Meckel y en el cual en el estudio anatomopatológico reveló la presencia de un hongo dematiáceo

Introduction: Dematiaceous fungi are characterized by the presence of brown melanine or melanine like pigments in their cell wall. They are generally distributed worldwide, being more common in tropical and subtropical climates. The clinical syndromes are often cutaneous and subcutaneous infections, but can be also responsible of allergic diseases, pneumonias, cerebral abscesses or disseminated infections. Clinical Case: We present the case of a patient with a diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma intervening surgically and with an incidental finding of Meckel's Diverticulum. The anatomopathological study revealed the presence of a dematiaceous fungi.

Concurrent urinary and bowel diversion: Surgical modification with sigmoid colon that avoids a bowel anastomosis

ABSTRACT Objective: Cystectomy with urinary diversion is the gold standard for muscle invasive bladder cancer. It also may be performed as part of pelvic exenteration for non-urologic malignancy, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, and chronic conditions that result in a non-functional bladder (e.g., interstitial cystitis, radiation cystitis). Our objective is to describe the surgical technique of urinary diversion using large intestine as a conduit whilst creating an end colostomy, thereby avoiding a primary bowel anastomosis and to show its applicability with respect to urologic conditions. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed five cases from a single institution that utilized the described method of urinary diversion with large intestine. We describe operative times, hospital length of stay (LOS), and describe post-operative complications. Results: Five patients with a variety of urologic and oncologic pathology underwent the described procedures. Their operative times ranged from 5 hours to 11 hours and one patient experienced a Clavien III complication. Conclusion: We describe five patients who underwent this procedure for various medical indications, and describe their outcomes, and believe dual diversion of urinary and gastrointestinal systems with colon as a urinary conduit to be an excellent surgical option for the appropriate surgical candidate.

Laparotomía abreviada y terapia de presión negativa para el cierre temporal del abdomen como tratamiento de la peritonitis diverticular Hinchey III/IV / Abbreviated laparotomy and negative pressure therapy for temporary closure of the abdomen as treatment of diverticular peritonitis Hinchey III/IV

Introducción: Los pacientes que se presentan con cuadros de peritonitis de origen diverticular (estadios Hinchey III o IV) en un contexto de sepsis severa con inestabilidad hemodinámica (shock séptico) la realización de anastomosis primaria presenta una alta tasa de dehiscencia anastomótica y mortalidad operatoria, aconsejándose la realización de una resección y abocamiento a la manera de Hartmann. Sin embargo, la alta tasa de complicaciones relacionadas a la confección del ostoma, la complejidad de la cirugía de restauración del tránsito intestinal, asociado a que entre el 40 % y el 60 % de los Hartmann no se reconstruyen, ha estimulado a que se intenten otras variables de resolución para esta compleja y grave patología. Diversas publicaciones en los últimos años han propuesto la táctica de "cirugía del control del daño" con el objeto de disminuir la morbimortalidad de estos gravísimos cuadros sépticos y a su vez reducir la tasa de ostomías. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia inicial con esta modalidad de manejo de la peritonitis diverticular Hinchey III/IV sepsis severa e inestabilidad hemodinámica (shock séptico) y realizar una revisión bibliográfica del tema. Material y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de series de casos. Entre noviembre de 2015 y diciembre de 2016. Servicio de coloproctología del complejo médico hospitalario Churruca-Visca de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y práctica privada de los autores. Se utilizó la técnica de laparotomía abreviada y cierre temporal del abdomen mediante un sistema de presión negativa. Resultados: En el periodo descripto se operaron 17 pacientes con peritonitis generalizada purulenta o fecal de origen diverticular. Catorce casos fueron Hinchey III (82,36%) y 3 casos Hinchey IV (17,64%). En 3 casos se observó inestabilidad hemodinámica en el preoperatorio o intraoperatorio. Todos ellos correspondientes al estadio IV de Hinchey. Se describen los 3 casos tratados mediante esta táctica quirúrgica. Discusión: La alta tasa de morbimortalidad de este subgrupo de pacientes incentivó a diversos grupos quirúrgicos a implementar la técnica de control del daño, permitiendo de esta manera estabilizar a los pacientes hemodinámicamente y en un segundo tiempo evaluar la reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal. En concordancia con estas publicaciones, dos de nuestros pacientes operados con esta estrategia, pudieron ser anastomosados luego del segundo lavado abdominal. Conclusión: En pacientes con peritonitis diverticular severa asociado a shock séptico el concepto de laparotomía abreviada con control inicial del foco séptico, cierre temporal del abdomen con sistema de presión negativa y posterior evaluación de la reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal, es muy alentador. Permitiendo una disminución de la morbimortalidad como así también del número de ostomías. (AU)

Introduction: Patients presenting with diverticular peritonitis (Hinchey III or IV stages) in a context of severe sepsis with hemodynamic instability (septic shock), performing primary anastomosis has a high rate of dehiscence anastomotic and operative mortality, advising the realization of a resection and ostoma in the manner of Hartmann. However, the high rate of complications related to performing of ostoma, the complexity of intestinal transit restoration surgery, associated with the 40% to 60% of Hartmann reversal not performed, has encouraged other variables to be attempted resolution for this complex and serious pathology. Several publications in recent years have proposed the tactic of "damage control surgery" in order to reduce the morbidity of these serious septic charts while reducing the rate of ostomies. The objective of this study is to present our initial experience with this modality of management of the diverticular peritonitis Hinchey III/IV severe sepsis and hemodynamic instability (septic shock) and to carry out a bibliographic review of the subject. Material and method: Observational, descriptive study of case series. Between November 2015 and December 2016. Coloproctology service of the Churruca-Visca hospital medical complex in the city of Buenos Aires and private practice of the authors. The technique of abbreviated laparotomy and temporary closure of the abdomen was used by a negative pressure system. Results: In the period described, 17 patients with generalized purulent or fecal peritonitis of diverticular origin were operated. Fourteen cases were Hinchey III (82.36%) and 3 cases Hinchey IV (17.64%).In 3 cases, hemodynamic instability was observed in the preoperative or intraoperative period. all of them corresponding to Hinchey's Stage IV. The 3 cases treated using this surgical tactic are described. Discussion: The high morbidity rate of this subgroup of patients encouraged various surgical groups to implement the damage control technique, thus allowing patients to stabilize hemodynamically and in a second time evaluate reconstruction intestinal transit. In line with these publications, two of our patients operated on with this strategy could be anastomosated after the second abdominal wash. Conclusion: In patients with severe diverticular peritonitis associated with septic shock, the concept of abbreviated laparotomy with initial control of the septic focus, temporary closure of the abdomen with negative pressure system and subsequent evaluation of transit reconstruction intestinal, it's encouraging. Allowing a decrease in morbidity as well as the number of ostomies. (AU)

Valor pronóstico de los índices de severidad en las lesiones traumáticas de colon y recto / Prognostic value of severity indices in traumatic colon and rectal injuries

RESUMEN Introducción: Los índices de severidad en trauma son una serie de escalas que permiten describir la gravedad de un individuo traumatizado y se asocian con su pronóstico y probabilidad de sobrevida. Objetivo: Determinar el valor pronóstico de los índices de severidad anatómicos en la evolución de pacientes con lesiones traumáticas de colon y recto. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los pacientes con lesiones traumáticas de colon o recto intervenidos quirúrgicamente en cuatro hospitales de La Habana en el periodo 2008-2015. Los datos fueron recolectados de la historia clínica. Se utilizó análisis de distribución de frecuencias y las curvas de operación característica del receptor (curvas ROC). Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes 37,4 años (desviación estándar 13,6 años). Predominó el sexo masculino (76, 7 por ciento). De los 6 scores estudiados, solamente CIS Flint y COIS resultaron ser útiles para predecir sepsis de la herida quirúrgica. En la predicción de defunción, el área mayor bajo la curva correspondió a COIS (0,92), posteriormente le siguió NISS (0,86) y luego CIS Flint (0,81). Los puntos de corte óptimos calculados fueron: ( 3 para COIS, ( 24 para NISS y ( 2 para CIS Flint. Conclusiones: Se demuestra el valor de los índices COIS y Flint, para pronosticar la ocurrencia de complicaciones en los pacientes con lesiones traumáticas de colon y recto, y la utilidad de los diferentes índices, en el pronóstico de defunción(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Trauma severity indices are a series of scales that describe the severity of a traumatized individual and are associated with their prognosis and probability of survival. Objective: To determine the prognostic value of anatomical severity indices in the evolution of patients with traumatic lesions of the colon and rectum. Methods: A descriptive observational and cross-sectional study was carried out. Patients with traumatic lesions of the colon or rectum who underwent surgery in four Havana hospitals in the period 2008-2015 were included. The data was collected from the medical history. Frequency distribution analysis and receiver characteristic operation curves (ROC curves) were used. Results: The average age of the patients 37.4 years (standard deviation 13.6 years). Male sex predominated (76.7 percent). Of the 6 scores studied, only CIS Flint and COIS were found to be useful in predicting sepsis of the surgical wound. In the prediction of death, the largest area under the curve corresponded to COIS (0.92), followed by NISS (0.86) and then CIS Flint (0.81). The calculated optimal cut-off points were: ( 3 for COIS, ( 24 for NISS and ( 2 for CIS Flint. Conclusions: The value of the COIS and Flint indices is demonstrated to predict the occurrence of complications in patients with traumatic lesions of the colon and rectum, and the usefulness of the different indices in the prognosis of death(AU)

Uso de la colostomía en el tratamiento de lesiones traumáticas de colon y recto / Colostomy in the treatment of traumatic lesions of the colon and the rectum

Introducción: El trauma de abdomen tiene una incidencia que varía según las publicaciones, pero el colon y el recto son estructuras anatómicas generalmente comprometidas. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínico-quirúrgicas y los resultados terapéuticos en pacientes con lesiones traumáticas de colon y recto tratados con técnicas derivativas. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y multicéntrico en hospitales clínico-quirúrgicos seleccionados de La Habana, desde 2010 hasta 2015. El universo estuvo conformado por todos los pacientes ingresados en las instituciones con trauma rectocolónico único o múltiple tratados quirúrgicamente por colostomía. Resultados: Los pacientes estudiados se caracterizaron por edades: jóvenes (menos de 30), sexo masculino (69,2 por ciento), evolución hasta el tratamiento quirúrgico mayor de 12 horas (46,2 por ciento); causadas por empalamientos y otros (53,8 por ciento) y heridas con arma blanca (23,1 por ciento). Se aplicaron principalmente las técnicas quirúrgicas de colostomía en asa y de Hartman. Tanto el tiempo quirúrgico como la estadía fueron prolongados. La frecuencia de complicaciones graves y la mortalidad fue alta. Los costos fueron elevados. Conclusiones: La colostomía aun es una alternativa quirúrgica viable, pero su selección debe estar basada en la evaluación individualizada de los casos y en los índices pronósticos(AU)

Introduction: Abdominal trauma has an incidence that varies, according to publications; but the colon and the rectum are generally compromised anatomical structures. Objective: To determine the clinical-surgical characteristics and the therapeutic results in patients with traumatic lesions of the colon and the rectum treated with derivative techniques. Method: A descriptive, retrospective and multicenter study was conducted in selected clinical-surgical hospitals in Havana, from 2010 to 2015. The total sample consisted of all patients admitted with single or multiple rectocolonic trauma and treated with colostomy. Results: The patients studied were characterized by age: young (less than 30), male (69.2 percent), evolution until surgical treatment over 12 hours (46.2 percent); caused by impalements and others (53.8 percent) and stab wounds (23.1 percent). The surgical techniques of loop colostomy and Hartman colostomy were applied, mainly. Both surgical time and stay were prolonged. The frequency of serious complications and mortality was high. The costs were high. Conclusions: Colostomy is still a viable surgical alternative, but its selection must be based on the individualized evaluation of the cases and the prognostic rates(AU)

Colostomy closure: risk factors for complications / Fechamento de colostomia: fatores de risco para complicações

ABSTRACT Background : The restoration of intestinal continuity is an elective procedure that is not free of complications; on the contrary, many studies have proven a high level of morbidity and mortality. It is multifactorial, and has factors inherent to the patients and to the surgical technique. Aim : To identify epidemiological features of patients that underwent ostomy closure analyzing the information about the surgical procedure and its arising complications. Method : It was realized a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients who underwent ostomy closure over a period of seven years (2009-2015). Results : A total of 39 patients were included, 53.8% male and 46.2% female, with mean age of 52.4 years. Hartmann´s procedure and ileostomy were the mainly reasons for restoration of intestinal continuity, representing together 87%. Termino-terminal anastomosis was performed in 71.8% of cases, by using mainly the manual technique. 25.6% developed complications, highlighting anastomotic leakage; there were three deaths (7.6%). The surgical time, the necessity of ICU and blood transfusion significantly related to post-operative complications. Conclusion : It was found that the majority of the patients were male, with an average age of 52 years. It was observed that the surgical time, the necessity of blood transfusion and ICU were factors significantly associated with complications.

RESUMO Racional: A reconstrução de trânsito intestinal é procedimento realizado eletivamente que não é isento de complicações, pelo contrário, muitos estudos evidenciam alto grau de morbimortalidade, dependendo de fatores inerentes ao paciente, bem como da própria técnica operatória. Objetivo: Identificar as características epidemiológicas dos pacientes submetidos à reconstrução intestinal, além de analisar as informações a respeito do procedimento cirúrgico e as complicações decorrentes. Método: Foi realizado análise retrospectiva dos prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à reconstrução intestinal no período de sete anos (2009-2015). Resultado: Foram incluídos 39 pacientes, sendo 53,8% homens e 46,2% mulheres, com idade média de 52 anos. As operações tipo Hartmann e ileostomia foram os motivos para a reconstrução do trânsito intestinal, representando juntas 87% dos pacientes. A anastomose terminoterminal foi realizada em 71,8% dos casos, utilizando principalmente a técnica manual. 25,6% dos pacientes apresentaram complicações, destacando-se a fístula de anastomose. Três (7,6%) morreram. O tempo operatório, necessidade de UTI e transfusão sanguínea apresentaram significância estatística com as complicações pós-operatórias. Conclusão: Verificou-se que a maioria foi de homens, com média de idade de 52 anos. Entre as variáveis estudadas, observou-se que a duração da operação, a necessidade de transfusão sanguínea e de UTI foram fatores complicadores com significância estatística.

Restitución del procedimiento de Hartmann por vía laparoscópica: análisis de nuestra experiencia en el Hospital Maciel de Montevideo, Uruguay, Clínicas Quirúrgicas 2 y 3 de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de la República (UDELAR) / Restitution of the Hartmann procedure by laparoscopic: analysis of our experience at the Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay, Surgical Clinics 2 and 3, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic (UDELAR)

Resumen Antecedentes: Descrito hace casi 100 años, el procedimiento de Hartmann sigue vigente y es una conducta clásica para el manejo del colon izquierdo en la urgencia. La restitución del tránsito intestinal proporciona una importante mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, sin embargo, la elevada morbimortalidad del procedimiento hace que solo la mitad de ellos se reconstruyan. La restitución del Hartmann laparoscópica ofrece las ventajas de los procedimientos mínimamente invasivos con morbimortalidad comparable a la cirugía convencional. Objetivos: Analizar la técnica quirúrgica y los resultados de una serie de pacientes en los cuales se realizó la restitución de Hartmann laparoscópica. Material y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva realizada entre marzo de 2002 y enero de 2017. La población pertenece a las Clínicas Quirúrgicas 2 y 3 del Hospital Maciel, Facultad de Medicina UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay. Resultados: Se operaron 29 pacientes: 10 mujeres y 19 hombres. Las enfermedades más frecuentes que determinaron el Hartmann estuvieron vinculadas a enfermedad diverticular (37,93%) u oncológica (34,48%). El tiempo mínimo transcurrido entre el Hartmann y la reconstrucción fue de 4 meses. Los tiempos operatorios variaron entre 107 y 240 min. El porcentaje de conversión fue del 24,1%. Ocurrieron complicaciones mayores en el 6,90% y menores en el 13,79%. No hubo fallas de sutura. La estadía hospitalaria fue de 5,57 días. La mortalidad fue del 3,45%. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados concuerdan con la literatura internacional, la restitución del Hartmann laparoscópica es un procedimiento exigente pero factible, seguro y que otorga al paciente los beneficios de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva.

Abstract Background: Described almost 100 years ago, the Hartmann procedure is still valid, being the classical behavior adopted for the management of the left colon in the emergency room. The restitution of the intestinal transit provides an important improvement in the quality of life of the patients, nevertheless given the high morbimortality, only half is reconstructed. Laparoscopic Hartmann restitution offers all the advantages of minimally invasive procedures with morbidity and mortality comparable to conventional surgery. Objectives: Analyze surgical technique and the results of a series of patients in whom laparoscopic Hartmann restitution was performed. Material and methods: Retrospective review was conducted between March 2002 and January 2017. The population belongs to the Surgical Clinics of the Maciel Hospital ('Q2' and 'Q3'), UDELAR Medical School, Montevideo, Uruguay. Results: Twenty-nine patients were operated: 10 women and 19 men. The most frequent pathologies that determined the Hartmann were linked to diverticular pathology (37.93%) or oncological (34.48%). The minimum time elapsed between the Hartmann and the reconstruction was 4 months. The operative times ranged from 107 to 240 min. The conversion rate was 24.1%. Major complications occurred in 6.90% and minor complications in 13.79%. There was no anastomotic leak. The hospital stay was 5.57 days. The mortality rate was 3.45%. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the international literature, laparoscopic Hartmann restitution is a demanding but feasible, safe procedure that gives the patient the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.

The vulkan technique: a novel ostomy-closure technique that reduces complications and operative times / Técnica vulkan para fechamento de ileostomia e colostomia: efetiva redução de complicações e tempo operatório

ABSTRACT Background: Ostomy reversals remain at high risk for surgical complications. Indeed, surgical-side infections due to bacterial contamination of the stoma lead to revision surgery and prolonged hospital stay. Aim: To describe the novel vulkan technique of ostomy reversal that aims to reduce operative times, surgical complications, and readmission rates. Methods: Ostomy closure was performed using the vulkan technique in all patients. This technique consists of external intestinal closure, circular skin incision and adhesiolysis, re-anastomosis, and closure of the subcutaneous tissue in three layers, while leaving a small secondary wound through which exudative fluid can be drained. The medical records of enterostomy patients were retrospectively reviewed from our hospital database. Results: The vulkan technique was successfully performed in 35 patients mainly by resident surgeons with <5 years of experience (n=22; 62.8%). The ileostomy and colostomy closure times were 53 min (interquartile range [IQR], 41-68 min; n=22) and 136 min (IQR: 88-188 min; n=13; p<0.001), respectively. The median hospital stay was seven days (IQR: 5−14.5 days); the length of hospital stay did not differ between ileostomy and colostomy groups. Major surgical complications occurred only in patients who underwent colostomy closure following the Hartmann procedure (n=2); grade≥IIIb according Clavien-Dindo classification. Conclusion: The vulkan technique was successfully applied in all patients with very low rates of surgical-site infections. Off note, residents with limited surgical experience mainly performed the procedure while operating time was less than one hour.

RESUMO Racional: O procedimento de reversão de ileostomia ou colostomia após procedimento cirúrgico colônico permanecem com alto risco de complicações cirúrgicas. De fato, as infecções do sítio cirúrgico, devido à inerente contaminação bacteriana da operação, levam às operações de revisão e hospitalização prolongadas. Objetivo: O presente estudo visa descrever a técnica vulkan de reversão de ostomia, avaliando tempos operatórios, complicações cirúrgicas e taxas de readmissão. Métodos: O fechamento de ostomia foi realizado utilizando a técnica vulkan em todos os pacientes. Ela consiste em incisão cutânea circular, reanastomose, fechamento da aponeurose e fechamento do tecido subcutâneo em três camadas, deixando uma pequena ferida secundária através da qual se pode drenar o líquido exsudativo. A documentação dos pacientes com enterostomia foram revisadas retrospectivamente a partir da base de dados do hospital. Resultados: A técnica vulkan foi realizada com sucesso em 35 pacientes, principalmente por cirurgiões residentes com menos de cinco anos de experiência (n=22; 62,8%). Os tempos de ileostomia e fechamento da colostomia foram 53 min (41-68 min; n=22) e 136 min (88-188 min; n=13; p<0,001), respectivamente. A média da permanência hospitalar foi de sete dias (5-14,5 dias); o tempo de internação não diferiu entre os grupos de ileostomia e colostomia. As complicações cirúrgicas maiores ocorreram somente nos pacientes que se submeteram ao fechamento da colostomia após o procedimento de Hartmann (n=2, grau ≥IIIb de acordo com a classificação de Clavien-Dindo). Conclusão: A técnica vulkan foi aplicada com sucesso em todos os pacientes com taxas muito baixas de infecções no local cirúrgico. Além disso, as operações foram realizadas principalmente por residentes com experiência cirúrgica limitada, resultando em tempos operatórios inferiores a uma hora.

Evaluación de la calidad de la técnica de enfermería "vacuidad del intestino" en Cirugía Pediátrica / Quality assessment for the nursing technique gut irrigation in children surgery

Introducción: el personal de enfermería debe estar bien entrenado en la preparación del paciente que va a ser intervenido por cirugía en afecciones gastrointestinales o con fines investigativos, para lograr una excelente vacuidad del intestino. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de la técnica de enfermería "vacuidad del intestino" en cirugía pediátrica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Provincial General Docente "Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola" de Ciego de Ávila, en el período 2010-2013. El universo quedó constituido por 74 pacientes que requirieron limpieza del intestino. La calidad de la técnica fue evaluada de excelente, buena, regular y mala. La información se obtuvo de la historia clínica y procesada con la utilización de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: el 67,56 por ciento de los niños tenía menos de seis años, el 71,62 por ciento eran del sexo masculino, el 32,43 por ciento de los pacientes fueron preparados en la limpieza del colon con fines diagnósticos y el 67,56 por ciento con fines quirúrgicos. Se evaluó de excelente el 100,00 por ciento de los procedimientos "gastroclisis para cierre de colostomía" realizados, y el 98,64 por ciento de los procedimientos "Irrigación total del intestino para otros procederes". Conclusiones: la técnica de enfermería "vacuidad del intestino" en cirugía pediátrica realizada con los procedimientos de gastroclisis y de irrigación total del intestino para otros procederes fue evaluada de calidad. La experiencia del personal de enfermería es notable, evidenciado en los excelentes resultados obtenidos(AU)

Introduction: The nursing staff should be well trained in preparing the patient to undergo surgery for surgery in gastrointestinal diseases, or research purposes for excellent bowel emptiness. Objective: To evaluate the quality of nursing technique "intestine emptiness" in pediatric surgery. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Pediatric Surgery Provincial General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola "Ciego de Avila, in the period 2010-2013. The universe was composed of 74 patients who required bowel cleansing. The quality of the data was assessed as excellent, good, fair and poor. The information was obtained from the clinical history and processed using absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: 67,56 percent of children had less than six years, 71,62 percent were male, 32,43 percent of patients were prepared in cleansing the colon for diagnostic purposes and 67,56 percent for surgical purposes. It was evaluated excellent 100,00 percent of procedures "gastroclisis colostomy closure" made, and 98,64 percent of procedures "whole bowel irrigation for other procedures." Conclusions: nursing technique "intestine emptiness" pediatric surgical procedures performed with gastroclisis and whole bowel irrigation for other procedures was assessed quality. The experience of nursing staff is remarkable, as evidenced by the excellent results obtained(AU)

Características y enfoque terapéutico de pacientes con malformaciones anorrectales en dos Hospitales sampedranos / Clinical characteristics and therapeutic approach of patients with Anorrectal Malformations in two Hospitals of San Pedro Sula

Antecedentes: Las malformaciones anorrec-tales (MAR) se componen de una amplia gama de anormalidades que se asocian con varias patologías. Afectan tanto al sexo masculino como femenino, en algunos casos incluyen al aparato urinario y genital. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y el enfoque tera-péutico de pacientes con Malformaciones Anorrectales en dos Hospitales de San Pedro Sula, Honduras, durante los años 2012 al 2016. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en pacientes con malformación anorrectal del Hospital Nacional Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas y el Hospital de Niños Quemados y Cirugía Pediátrica Ruth Paz. La muestra fueron 94 pacientes, la infor-mación se obtuvo del expediente clínico y se procesó en el software estadístico IBM SPSS 22. Resultados: En cuanto al sexo, 53.2% (n=50) eran mujeres y 46.8% (n=44) hombres, 30.9% (n=29) tenían un año de edad, 51.1% (n=48) provenían del departamento de Cortés. En los hombres, se encontró fístula perineal en 30.2% (n=14) pacientes y en las mujeres se encontró fístula rectovestibular en 37.3% (n=19), se encontró asociación a otro tipo de malformaciones congénitas en 29% (n=27) de los pacientes. El tratamiento consistió en colostomía protectora seguido de Anorrecto-plastía sagital posterior tipo Peña y por último el programa de dilataciones anorrectalesa 59.6% (n=56) y 85.3% no presentó complica-ciones quirúrgicas. Conclusiones: Las mal- formaciones anorrectales en este estudio afec-taron más a las mujeres que a los hombres, la edad que predominó fueron los pacientes de 1 año, procedentes en su mayoría del departa-mento de Cortés, especí camente de San Pedro Sula...(AU)

Tratamiento de urgencia para trauma anal / Emergency management for anal trauma

El trauma anal es considerado de baja frecuencia, teniendo en cuenta que en las estadísticas se incluye asociado al trauma de recto. Se debe tener claro el abordaje quirúrgico pues pueden presentarse secuelas que afectan en una forma muy importante la calidad de vida futura de los pacientes. Se presenta un caso de trauma anal contuso y se muestra el tratamiento de urgencias(AU)

Anal trauma is considered a low frequency trauma because it is associated with rectal trauma in statistical records. The surgical approach should be taken into account because some sequelae affecting in a very important way the future quality of life of patients may occur. A case of blunt anal trauma and the emergency management indicated were presented in this report(AU)

Protocolo de evaluación rápida de tecnología sobre seguridad y efectividad del grapado mecánico versus sutura manual para anastomosis en colonostomías realizadas en pacientes con cáncer colorectal / Protocol of rapid evaluation of technology on safety and effectiveness of mechanical stapling versus manual suturing for anastomosis in colonostomies performed in patients with colorectal cancer

Las grapas quirúrgicas son dispositivos médicos mecánicos complejos que han estado en el mercado por años y son maduros en su tecnología. Estos dispositivos son usados en cirugía gastrointestinal, ginecológica, torácica y muchas otras cirugías para remover parte de un órgano (resección), para cortar a través de órganos y tejidos (transección) y para crear conexiones entre estructuras (anastomosis). El Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas solicita la evaluación del procedimiento quirúrgico de grapado mecánico versus sutura manual para anastomosis en colonostomías realizadas en pacientes con cáncer colorectal. A pesar que la tecnología no supera la tolerancia al riesgo establecida actualmente para evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias en el Seguro Integral de Salud, se inició la evaluación por el SIS Central a pedido del Jefe del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas y con la anuencia del Jefe del Seguro Integral de Salud, bajo el supuesto de la generación de nueva evidencia desde la elaboración del último informe SIS el año 2013.(AU)

A novel subcutaneous T-shaped bridge device for loop colostomies

PURPOSE: To describe a novel securing device for loop colostomies, developed in our institution and report our 10-year experience. METHODS: The T-shaped support device was used in all patients who required loop colostomy and who were at an increased risk of stoma withdrawal. The device was removed on the fifth postoperative day in all patients. An analysis from a prospective database regarding early postoperative complication, from 209 patients, was conducted between 2003 and 2013. RESULTS: Bleeding, peristomal skin problems, surgical site infection, stomal ischemia/necrosis, stenosis, obstruction, retraction and early withdrawal of the stoma were not noted in all cases. Thirteen patients (6%) reported mild discomfort on the site of the skin suture. Removal of the instrument was fast and easy, with the advantage of keeping the colostomy bag. CONCLUSION: The T-shaped bridge device successfully prevented stoma withdrawal in all subjects. The device was safe and well accepted, with minor complications.

Perineal colostomy: an alternative to avoid permanent abdominal colostomy: operative technique, results and reflection / Colostomia perineal: uma alternativa para evitar a colostomia abdominal definitiva: técnica operatória, resultados e reflexão

BACKGROUND: The most common injury to indicate definitive stoma is rectal cancer. Despite advances in surgical treatment, the abdominoperineal resection is still the most effective operation in radical treatment of malignancies of the distal rectum invading the sphincter and anal canal. Even with all the effort that surgeons have to preserve anal sphincters, abdominoperineal amputation is still indicated, and a definitive abdominal colostomy is necessary. This surgery requires patients to live with a definitive abdominal colostomy, which is a condition that modify body image, is not without morbidity and has great impact on the quality of life. AIM: To evaluate the technique of abdominoperineal amputation with perineal colostomy with irrigation as an alternative to permanent abdominal colostomy. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 55 patients underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum with perineal colostomy in the period 1989-2010. RESULTS: The mean age was 58 years, 40 % men and 60 % women. In 94.5% of patients the indication for surgery was for cancer of the rectum. In some patients were made three valves, other two valves and in the remaining no valve at all. Complications were: mucosal prolapse, necrosis of the lowered segment and stenosis. CONCLUSION: The abdominoperineal amputation with perineal colostomy is a good therapeutic option in the armamentarium of the surgical treatment of rectal cancer. .

RACIONAL: O câncer de reto é o agravo mais frequente para a indicação do estoma abdominal definitivo. Apesar dos avanços no tratamento cirúrgico, a amputação abdominoperineal ainda é a operação indicada mais efetiva nesta indicação com invasão de esfíncter e de canal anal, o que impõe aos pacientes colostomia abdominal definitiva, condição que altera a imagem corporal e grande repercussão na qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a técnica de amputação abdominoperineal mais colostomia perineal com irrigação como alternativa à colostomia abdominal definitiva. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva de prontuário médico de cinquenta e cinco pacientes submetidos à amputação abdominoperineal do reto mais colostomia perineal no período de 1989 a 2010. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 58 anos sendo 40% em homens e 60% em mulheres. Em 94,5% dos pacientes a indicação cirúrgica foi por câncer de reto. Em alguns foram confeccionadas três válvulas, em outros duas e nos demais não foi confeccionada nenhuma válvula. As complicações foram: prolapso mucoso, necrose do segmento abaixado e estenose. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de amputação abdominoperineal mais colostomia perineal é boa opção terapêutica no arsenal do tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de reto. .

Colostomía laparoscópica por puerto único con técnica de guante / Single port laparoscopic colostomy using the glove technique

La cirugía por puerto único con técnica de guante (glove port) es un abordaje adecuado al momento económico y tecnológico que vivimos. Entre las intervenciones susceptibles de su aplicación está la realización de colostomías. Describimos la técnica quirúrgica y resultados de los pacientes a los que se realizó colostomía por puerto único con técnica de guante, a lo largo de los años 2011 y 2012, en dos hospitales de Asturias, España. Realizamos seis colostomías sigmoideas. Cuatro pacientes presentaban enfermedad tumoral, otro caso fue por una fascitis necrosante perineal, y el sexto un paciente con enfermedad de Crohn y fístulas perianales complejas. La edad media de los pacientes, cuatro hombres y dos mujeres, fue de 54 años (rango 42-67 años). El tiempo medio de intervención fue de 42 minutos (rango 30-65 minutos). No hubo complicaciones durante la cirugía ni en el postoperatorio. En nuestro medio, el gasto en material se redujo a la mitad con respecto a otros dispositivos convencionales de puerto único. La técnica de guante representa el abordaje por puerto único más económico y mínimamente invasivo para la realización de estomas, siendo en nuestra experiencia una técnica sencilla, segura y fácilmente reproducible.

The single port surgery with glove technique is a novel process, suitable to the present day economic and technological moment .Colostomies are surgical interventions suitable to its application. We describe the surgical method and outcome of patients who underwent colostomy by single port glove technique within the years 2011 and 2012, in two hospitals in Asturias, Spain. We carried out six sigmoid colostomies. Four patients had tumoral pathology, another a perineal necrotizing fasciitis, and the sixth, a patient with Crohn's disease and complex peri-anal fistulas. The average age of the patients, four men and two women, was 54 years (range 42-67 years). The average intervention time was 42 minutes (range 30-65 minutes). There were no complications during the surgery or in the postoperative period. In our facilities material expenditure was reduced to half as regards other conventional single port devices. The glove technique represents the most economic and least invasive approach for the surgical procedure of stomas, in our experience considered a simple, safe and easily reproducible technique.